The effects of an axial magnetic field on both the Vortex breakdown process and fluid layers development in a cylindrical container filled with a conducting viscous fluid are numerically analyzed by using the Generalized Integral Transform Technique (GITT) with a stream function-only formulation. A temperature gradient is imposed in the axial direction on the swirling flow which is advanced by the rotation of the bottom disk under the stabilizing effect of the external magnetic field. Flows are studied for a range of parameters: the Richardson number, Ri, 0 ≤Ri ≤2. 0, and three values of the Prandtl number are investigated, Pr = 0. 025 (liquid Mercury), 0. 032 ( PbLi 17 alloy), and 0. 065 (the molten lithium). Three combinations of aspect ratios (H/R) and Reynolds numbers are compared: (case A: Re=1500, H/R=1. 5), (case B: Re=1855, H/R=2. 0) and (case C: Re=2400, H/R=2. 5). The results reveal that the increase in the values of Hartmann number, Ha suppresses the Vortex breakdown in the isothermal case and reduces the number of fluid layers in the layering case. The stability diagram (Hacr–Ri) corresponding to the transition from the multiple fluid layers zone to the one fluid layer zone for increasing Prandtl number is obtained‎.

This paper investigates numerically the bubble-type Vortex breakdown apparition in the case of closed rotating flows of a viscous, axisymmetric, and incompressible fluid. First, a truncated conical/cylindrical cavity of spherical end disks is used to simulate and analyze the Vortex structure under rigid surface conditions. The geometric effects of the enclosure are also studied. Vortex breakdown is demonstrated beyond the lower disk rotation rate threshold by introducing the no-slip condition imposed on the upper wall. The objective is to explore ways of controlling the evolution of this physical event by modifying the confinement conditions upstream of the Vortex rupture. Particular attention is also paid to the effective kinematic viscosity, thermal diffusivity and geometric control of recirculation zones on the axis of rotation (axial bubble type). The second geometry consists of a spherical annulus formed by two concentric hemispheres in differential rotation under plat-free surface conditions. The results show that rotation of the inner hemisphere induces a Vortex bubble on the polar axis. In contrast, the outer hemisphere rotation induces a toroidal Vortex on the equator.

The flow behavior over a diamond wing was experimentally investigated in a smoke tunnel, using laser sheet technique. The effects of Leading Edge Extension (LEX) were also studied. The experiments were conducted at the velocity of 2. 5 (m/s) and the angles of attack of 5 to 45 degrees. The results showed that a Vortex structure was formed above the wing surface. Increasing the angle of attack increased the size and strength of the vortices and the height of the Vortex core to the wing surface as well. At a specific angle of attack the structure of the vortices was changed rapidly and the Vortex break down was occurred. The location of Vortex break down moved toward the wing apex by increasing the angle of attack. The LEX caused formation of another Vortex above the wing surface which was merged with the main wing Vortex and formed a stronger one. The stronger Vortex energized the boundary layer of the wing surface, delayed the flow separation and moved the break down further down-stream. Using LEX also decreased the width of the wake region behind the wing, up to 14% compared to the original wing which can improve the aerodynamic performance of the control surfaces behind the wing.

Schizotypal personality is important from both historical and etiological perspective, because of its relationship with schizophrenia. However, within a ‘fully dimensional’ framework, the schizotypy dimension could be extended to a continuum that starts from normal and ends up in schizophrenia and other pathological spectra. This perspective represents schizotypy as continuously distributed traits, which are sources of normal variations as well as predisposition to psychosis. The present study reviews schizotypy, focusing on the dimensions, models, schizotaxia, comorbidity and relationship with other psychological phenomena and measurement tools.

Annular Vortex tube is a Vortex tube which allows the hot flow pass again over the hot tube. It is introduced for first time in this work. Hot Flow is not allowed to exit after passing conic valve in annular Vortex tube, but it is redirected over hot tube. This back flow absorbs heat from outer wall of hot tube. To study temperature separation which occurs in an annular Vortex tube; the performance of this type of Vortex tube has been experimentally tested and compared with the performance of a typical Vortex tube. Inlet test pressure is 4 bars and natural gas is being used as working fluid. For both type of Vortex tubes, ratio of length to diameter of tube is 10. Cold oriice diameter of Vortex generator is set to 6.4 mm. It was observed that redirecting hot flow over the hot tube in annular Vortex tube improves cooling efficiency up to 24% respect to a typical Vortex tube at the maximum temperature difference. The results show that cold mass fraction in which the coldest temperature occurs is lower for annular Vortex tube comparing with a typical Vortex tube.